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Camponotus saundersi
''Camponotus saundersi'' is a species of ant found in Malaysia and Brunei, belonging to the genus of Carpenter ants. Workers can explode suicidally as an ultimate act of defense, an ability it has in common with several other species in this genus and a few other insects.〔Jones, T.H.; Clark, D.A.; Edwards, A.A.; Davidson, D.W.; Spande, T.F. and Snelling, Roy R. (2004): "The Chemistry of Exploding Ants, ''Camponotus'' spp. (''Cylindricus'' complex)". ''Journal of Chemical Ecology'' 30(8): 1479-1492. 〕 The ant has an enormously enlarged mandibular (jaw) gland, many times the size of a normal ant, which produces defense adhesive secretions.〔Betz, Oliver (2010). Adhesive Exocrine Glands in Insects: Morphology, Ultrastructure, and Adhesive Secretion. Biological Adhesive Systems: 111-152. 〕
==Defenses==
Its defensive behaviours include self-destruction by autothysis, a term coined by Maschwitz and Maschwitz (1974).〔Maschwitz U and Maschwitz E (1974). Platzende Arbeiterinnen: Eine neue Art der Feindabwehr bei sozialen Hautflüglern. Oecologia 14: 289–294.〕 Two oversized, poison-filled mandibular glands run the entire length of the ant's body. When combat takes a turn for the worse, the worker ant violently contracts its abdominal muscles to rupture its gaster at the intersegmental fold, which also bursts the mandibular glands, thereby spraying a sticky secretion in all directions from the anterior region of its head.〔 ''Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria (Genova)'' 2 7(27): 485-520. ()〕〔 University of Utah graduate student Steve Cook explained "They've been called kamikaze ants by other researchers because they tend to explode or self-destruct when they're attacked or harassed in any way."〕 The glue, which also has corrosive properties and functions as a chemical irritant, can entangle and immobilize all nearby victims.〔
Direct observation by Jones (2004) found that ''C. saundersi'' adhesive secretions range from bright white at the end of the wet season to cream or pale yellow in the dry season and start of the wet season. These variations in coloration represent a shift in internal pH, likely due to seasonal changes in diet.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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